方法1：comparative quantitative trait loci mapping
参考文献：Kliebenstein, D., Pedersen, D., Barker, B. & Mitchell-Olds, T. (2001) Genetics,161, 325–332
方法2：2D gel electrophoresis
参考文献：Decker, G., Wanner, G., Zenk, M. H. & Lottspeich, F. (2000)

Electrophoresis,21, 3500–3516
方法3：differential display
参考文献：Schoendorf, A., Rithner, C. D., Williams, R. M. & Croteau, R. B. (2001)Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 1501–1506
方法4：EST databases
参考文献：Lange, B. M., Wildung, M. R., Stauber, E. J., Sanchez, C., Pouchnik, D. &Croteau, R. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 2934–2939

方法5：microarrays
参考文献：Guterman, I., Shalit, M., Menda, N., Piestun, D., Dafny-Yelin, M.,Shalev, G.,Bar, E., Davydov, O., Ovadis, M., Emanuel, M., et al. (2002) Plant Cell 14,2325–2338
方法6：AFLP plus microarrays
参考文献：PNAS ,July 8, 2003,vol100,no. 14:8595–8600